In my last performance review, my construction employer raved about my performance , gave me a great raise and a super bonus. Now he is upset that I have resigned and said that he would not provide a reference. What can I do to account for the last 3 years of my career?


Because a former employer won't give a reference doesn't mean you can't list it on your resume as you would any other. You absolutely can put the employer and duties on your resume. When a potential new employer asks for references, this is when you'll want to exclude the particular person who said they wouldn't give you a reference.
Find another person who would be able to do it for you. This can be another coworker or someone in the HR department. You may want to contact your co-worker or HR manager in advance to give them a heads up.
I would also consider speaking to your HR Manager about your boss' recent attitude in regards to your resignation.